Nhanganyaya yezvinodzivirira moto zvinoshandisa nitrogen zveNylon

Nhanganyaya yezvinodzivirira moto zvinoshandisa nitrogen zveNylon

Zvinhu zvinodzora moto zvine nitrogen zvinoonekwa nekusapisa zvakanyanya, kusaora, kugadzikana kwekupisa uye UV, kushanda zvakanaka kwemoto, uye kusashandisa mari yakawanda. Zvisinei, matambudziko azvo anosanganisira kuoma kwekugadzirisa uye kusapararira zvakanaka mupolymer matrix. Zvinhu zvinodzora moto zvine nitrogen zvinozivikanwa panylon zvinosanganisira MCA (melamine cyanurate), melamine, uye MPP (melamine polyphosphate).

Maitiro ekudzivirira moto anosanganisira zvinhu zviviri:

1. Maitiro Emuviri e "Sublimation and Endothermic": Chinodzivisa moto chinoderedza tembiricha yepamusoro pezvinhu zvepolymer uye chinozviparadzanisa nemhepo kuburikidza ne sublimation uye kunwa kupisa.
2. Kugadzira Kabhoni Yemagetsi uye Kugadzira Intumescent Mechanism muCondensed Phase: Chinodzivirira moto chinosangana nenylon, zvichikurudzira kugadzirwa kwekabhoni zvakananga uye kuwedzera.

MCA ine mabasa maviri mukuita kwekudzivirira moto, zvichikurudzira carbonization uye furo. Maitiro ekudzivirira moto uye kushanda kwawo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwenylon. Zvidzidzo paMCA neMPP muPA6 nePA66 zvinoratidza kuti izvi zvinodzivirira moto zvinokonzera cross-linking muPA66 asi zvinokurudzira kuora kwePA6, zvichikonzera kushanda kuri nani kwekudzivirira moto muPA66 pane muPA6.

1. Melamine Cyanurate (MCA)

MCA inogadzirwa kubva kumelamine necyanuric acid mumvura, zvichiita kuti pave nemuchina wehydrogen-bonded. Imhando yakanaka kwazvo isina halogen, ine chepfu shoma, uye inodzivirira moto zvishoma inoshandiswa mu nylon polymers. Zvisinei, MCA yechinyakare ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yakakwira (inoora uye inonyunguduka pamusoro pe400°C) uye inogona kusanganiswa chete nemaresini muchimiro chezvikamu zvakasimba, zvichikonzera kupararira kusina kuenzana uye saizi yezvikamu zvikuru, izvo zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwemoto. Pamusoro pezvo, MCA inonyanya kushanda muchikamu chegasi, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwechar yakaderera uye carbon layers dzakasununguka, dzisingadziviriri panguva yekupisa.

Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, tekinoroji yemakemikari yakashandiswa kugadzirisa MCA nekuunza complementary flame-retardant additive (WEX), iyo inoderedza melting point yeMCA, zvichiita kuti co-melting uye ultra-fine dispersion nePA6 ikwanise kusanganiswa. WEX inowedzerawo kuumbwa kwechar panguva yekutsva, ichivandudza mhando yecarbon layer uye kusimbisa condensed-phase flame-retardant effect yeMCA, nokudaro ichigadzira zvinhu zvinodzivirira flame zvine mashandiro akanaka.

2. Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR)

IFR inzira yakakosha inodzivirira moto isina halogen. Zvakanakira zvayo pamusoro pezvinodzivisa moto zvine halogen zvinosanganisira kuburitsa utsi hushoma uye kuburitsa gasi risina chepfu panguva yekutsva. Uyezve, char layer inoumbwa neIFR inogona kunwisa polymer yakanyungudutswa, ichipisa, ichidzivirira kudonha kwemvura uye kupararira kwemoto.

Zvikamu zvikuru zveIFR zvinosanganisira:

• Manyuko egasi (makemikari akavakirwa pamelamine)
• Asidhi inobva (phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants)
• Kabhoni inobva (nylon pachayo)
• Zvimwe zvinowedzerwa pamwe chete (semuenzaniso, zinc borate, aluminium hydroxide) uye zvinodzivirira madonhwe emvura.

Kana chiyero chehuwandu hwezvinodzivirira moto zvephosphorus-nitrogen kune melamine-based compounds chiri:

• Pasi pe1%: Kusakwana kwemhedzisiro inodzivirira moto.
• Pamusoro pe30%: Kushanduka kwemhepo kunoitika panguva yekugadzirisa.
• Pakati pe1%–30% (kunyanya 7%–20%): Kushanda zvakanaka kwemoto kunodzivirira moto pasina kukanganisa kugona kwawo kuushandisa.

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