Zvinodzivirira moto Mhuri dzemachira
Zvinhu zvinodzivisa moto zvinowanzowedzerwa kune zvigadzirwa zvevatengi kuti zvisangane nezvinodiwa zvefenicha, machira, zvemagetsi, uye zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka zvakaita sekudzivirira moto.
Machira asingatsvi anogona kuva emhando mbiri: machira echisikigo asingatsvi kana kuti akagadziriswa nemakemikari asingatsvi. Machira mazhinji anogona kutsva zvakanyanya uye ane njodzi yemoto kunze kwekunge akagadziriswa nezvinhu zvinodzivisa moto.
Zvinodzora moto iboka rakasiyana-siyana remakemikari anowedzerwa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvemachira kudzivirira kana kunonotsa kupararira kwemoto. Mhuri huru dzezvinodzora moto dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemachira ndeidzi: 1. Halogens (Bromine neChlorine); 2. Phosphorus; 3. Nitrogen; 4. Phosphorus neNitrogen
MaBFR anoshandiswa kudzivirira moto mumidziyo yemagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi. Semuenzaniso muzvivharo zveTV nemakombiyuta, mabhodhi ecircuit akadhindwa, tambo dzemagetsi uye mafoam ekudzivirira kupisa.
Muindasitiri yemachira, maBFR anoshandiswa mukugadzira machira ekumashure emachira, zvigaro uye fenicha ine upholstery. Mienzaniso ndeyePolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) uye Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs).
MaBFR ari kuramba aripo munharaunda uye pane kunetseka nezvenjodzi dzinokonzereswa nemakemikari aya kuhutano hwevanhu. MaBFR akawanda haatenderwe kushandiswa. Muna 2023, ECHA yakawedzera zvimwe zvigadzirwa pane runyorwa rweSVHC, zvakaita seTBPA (CAS 79-94-7),BTBPE (CAS 37853-59-1).
Chikamu ichi chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumapolymers uye mumachira ecellulose fibers. Pazvinhu zvinodzivirira moto zve organophosphorus zvisina halogen, triaryl phosphates (ine rings nhatu dzebenzene dzakabatana neboka rine phosphorus) zvinoshandiswa senzira yekubvisa zvinodzivirira moto zvine brominated. Zvimwe zvinodzivirira moto zve Organophosphorus mune dzimwe nguva zvinogonawo kuva ne bromine kana chlorine.
Muyero wekuchengetedza matoyi EN 71-9 unorambidza zvinhu zviviri zvinodzivirira moto zvephosphate muzvinhu zvemachira zvinosvikika zvinoshandiswa mumatoyi evana vari pasi pemakore matatu. Izvi zvinhu zviviri zvinodzivirira moto zvinogona kuwanikwa muzvinhu zvemachira zvakaputirwa kumashure nemapurasitiki akadai sePVC pane nejira remachira pacharo. Tri-o-cresyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate ine chepfu yakanyanya, hainyanyi kushandiswa kupfuura tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
Zvinodzora moto zveNitrogen zvinobva pa melamine yakachena kana zvinobva mairi, kureva munyu une organic kana inorganic acids. Melamine yakachena semushonga unodzivisa moto inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira furo rinochinjika repolyurethane rinodzoreka pamidziyo yeupholstery mudzimba, zvigaro zvemotokari/mota nezvigaro zvevana. Zvinodzora moto zveMelamine seFRs zvinoshandiswa mukuvaka uye mumidziyo yemagetsi neyemagetsi.
Zvinhu zvinodzivisa moto zvinowedzerwa nemaune kuti zvivandudze kuchengetedzeka kwemachira.
Ita shuwa kuti usashandise zvinodzivisa moto zvakarambidzwa kana kuti zvakarambidzwa. Muna 2023, ECHA yakaisa Melamine (CAS 108-78-1) muSVHC.
Taifeng halogen isina murazvo inodzivisa moto yakavakirwa paPhosphorus neNitrogen yemicheka nefiber.
Mhinduro dzeTaifeng halogen dzemachira nefiber dzinopa dziviriro pamoto pasina kukonzera njodzi itsva nekushandisa mishonga yekare ine njodzi. Zvatinopa zvinosanganisira zvinodzivirira moto zvakagadzirwa zvakanangana nekugadzira fiber dzeviscose/rayon pamwe nezvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanaka zvekudzivirira machira nedehwe rekugadzira. Kana zvasvika kumachira anofukidza kumashure, kupararira kwakagadzirira kushandiswa kunogona kudzivirira moto kunyangwe mushure mekuwachisa kakawanda uye kuchenesa neomesa.
Dziviriro huru pamoto, mabhenefiti makuru emhinduro yedu yemachira nemafaibha.
Chinodzivisa moto. Machira anogadzirwa nechinhu chinodzivirira moto mushure mekurapwa.
Giredhi remachira rinodzivirira murazvo: rinodzivirira murazvo kwenguva pfupi, rinodzivirira murazvo zvishoma uye rinodzivirira murazvo kwenguva refu (risingaperi).
Maitiro enguva pfupi ekudzivirira moto: shandisa mushonga wekupedzisira unodzivirira moto unonyungudika mumvura, senge ammonium polyphosphate inonyungudika mumvura, woiisa zvakaenzana pajira nekuinyika, kuputira, kukwesha kana kupfapfaidza, nezvimwewo, uye ichava nemigumisiro inodzivirira moto mushure mekuomesa. Yakakodzera. Inodhura zvishoma uye iri nyore kubata pazvinhu zvisingade kugezwa kana kusukwa kazhinji, zvakaita semaketeni nemumvuri wezuva, asi haidziviri kusukwa.
Kushandisa 10%-20% mvura inonyunguduka APP, TF-301, TF-303 zvese zvakanaka. Mvura yacho yakajeka uye haina PH. Zvichienderana nechikumbiro chemushonga unodzivirira moto, mutengi anogona kugadzirisa huwandu hwemvura.
Maitiro ekudzivirira moto kwenguva pfupi: Zvinoreva kuti jira rapera rinogona kutsungirira kuwachwa zvinyoro nyoro ka10-15 uye richiri kushanda serinodzivirira moto, asi harisi kupiswa nesipo inopisa zvakanyanya. Maitiro aya akakodzera machira ekushongedza mukati, zvigaro zvemota, machira ekufukidza, nezvimwewo.
TF-201 inopa murazvo unodzivirira moto usingadhuri, usingapindi halogenated, une phosphorus wekuisa machira uye machira ekufukidza. TF-201, TF-201S, TF-211, TF-212 dzakakodzera kupfekedza machira. Murazvo unodzivirira moto usingagari kwenguva refu. Matende ekunze, makapeti, machira ekufukidza madziro, zvigaro zvinodzivirira moto (mukati memotokari, zvikepe, zvitima nendege) ngoro dzevana, machira, mbatya dzekudzivirira.
Fomura Yakatumirwa
| Amoniyuni | Emulsion yeAcrylic | Mumiriri weKuparadzira | Mumiriri Anosvibisa | Mumiriri wekukora |
| 35 | 63.7 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
Maitiro ekupedzisa anodzivirira moto kwenguva refu: Huwandu hwekusuka hunogona kusvika kanopfuura makumi mashanu, uye hunogona kusukwa nesipo. Yakakodzera machira anosukwa kazhinji, akadai sembatya dzebasa dzinodzivirira moto, mbatya dzinodzima moto, matende, mabhegi, nezvinhu zvemumba.
Nekuda kwemachira anodzivirira moto akadai seOxford jira rinodzivirira moto, haritsve, haripisi kupisa zvakanyanya, harinyungudike, haridonhe mvura, uye rine simba rakawanda. Saka, chigadzirwa ichi chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekuvaka ngarava, kusanganisa simbi hombe panzvimbo yacho uye kugadzirisa magetsi, midziyo yekudzivirira yekusanganisa gasi, indasitiri yemakemikari, simbi, theatre, nzvimbo huru dzekutenga, masupamaketi, mahotera nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzine mhepo inofefetera iri pakati nepakati, kudzivirira moto nemidziyo yekudzivirira.
TF-211, TF-212, dzakakodzera jira rinogara kwenguva refu rinodzivirira moto. Zvakakosha kuwedzera chifukidziro chisingapindi mvura.
Miyero yemicheka inodzivisa moto munyika dzakasiyana-siyana
Machira anodzivirira moto anoreva machira anogona kudzima otomatiki mukati memasekonzi maviri ekubva mumoto wakavhurika kunyangwe akabatidzwa nemoto wakavhurika. Zvichienderana nekurongeka kwekuwedzera zvinhu zvinodzivirira moto, kune marudzi maviri emachira anodzivirira moto usati wagadziriswa uye machira anodzivirira moto mushure mekugadzirwa. Kushandiswa kwemachira anodzivirira moto kunogona kunonotsa kupararira kwemoto, kunyanya kushandiswa kwemachira anodzivirira moto munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kunogona kudzivirira njodzi dzakawanda.
Kushandiswa kwemachira anodzivirira moto kunogona kunonotsa kupararira kwemoto, kunyanya kushandiswa kwemachira anodzivirira moto munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kunogona kudzivirira kufa kwevanhu vakawanda. Zvinodiwa kuti machira ashande zvakanaka munyika yangu zvinonyanya kukurudzirwa kuti ashandiswe pazvipfeko zvinodzivirira moto, machira anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, uye mukati memotokari.
Chiyero chinodzora moto chejira reBritain
1. BS7177 (BS5807) yakakodzera machira akadai sefenicha nematiresi munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji muUK. Zvinodiwa zvakakosha pakushanda kwemoto, nzira dzakasimba dzekuyedza. Moto wakakamurwa kuita manyuko masere emoto kubva pa0 kusvika pa7, zvichienderana nemazinga mana ekudzivirira moto ane njodzi dzakaderera, dzepakati, dzepamusoro uye dzepamusoro zvakanyanya.
2. BS7175 yakakodzera mitemo yekudzivirira moto zvachose mumahotera, nzvimbo dzevaraidzo nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda. Bvunzo iyi inoda kupasa mhando mbiri kana kupfuura dzebvunzo dzeSchedule4Part1 neSchedule5Part1.
3. BS7176 yakakodzera machira anofukidza fenicha, anoda kudzivirira moto uye kudzivirira mvura. Munguva yekuyedza, jira nekuzadza zvinodiwa kuti zvienderane neSchedule4Part1, Schedule5Part1, kuwanda kweutsi, chepfu nezvimwe zviratidzo zvekuyedza. Ndiyo mwero wakasimba wekudzivirira moto wezvigaro zvine mapedhi kupfuura BS7175 (BS5852).
4. BS5452 inoshanda kumachira emubhedha nemapillow munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzekuBritain nemidziyo yese inotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Zvinodiwa kuti irambe ichikwanisa kudzivirirwa nemoto mushure mekusukwa kana kucheneswa ka50.
5.BS5438 series: mapijama evana eBritish BS5722; machira emubhedha eBritish BS5815.3; maketeni eBritish BS6249.1B.
Chimiro cheAmerican Fabric Flame Retardant Standard
1. CA-117 inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yekudzivirira moto kamwe chete muUnited States. Haidi kuongororwa mushure memvura uye inoshanda kumachira mazhinji anotumirwa kuUnited States.
2. CS-191 ndiyo nzira yekudzivirira moto yembatya dzinodzivirira muUnited States, ichisimbisa kushanda kwemoto kwenguva refu uye kugadzikana kwekupfeka. Tekinoroji yekugadzirisa inowanzo kuve nzira yekugadzira ine nhanho mbiri kana nzira yekugadzira ine nhanho dzakawanda, ine hunyanzvi hwakawanda uye purofiti yakawedzerwa.
