Tsvagiridzo pamusoro peFlame Retardancy yeMotokari Zvishandiso uye Maitiro Ekushandisa eFlame Retardant Fibers muMotokari.

Tsvagiridzo pamusoro peFlame Retardancy yeMotokari Zvishandiso uye Maitiro Ekushandisa eFlame Retardant Fibers muMotokari.

Nekukurumidza kusimukira kweindasitiri yemotokari, mota — dzinoshandiswa pakuenda kana kutakura zvinhu—dzazova zvishandiso zvinokosha muupenyu hwevanhu. Nepo mota dzichipa kurerutsira, dzinoisawo njodzi dzekuchengetedza, senge tsaona dzemumigwagwa uye kupisa kwega. Nekuda kwenzvimbo yakavharirwa uye zvinhu zvinopisa zvemukati, kana moto uchinge watanga mumotokari, kazhinji zvakaoma kudzora, kuisa hupenyu nemidziyo yevafambi mungozi. Naizvozvo, kuchengetedzwa kwemoto mumotokari kunofanirwa kuve kunetseka kukuru kune vashandisi.

Zvikonzero zvemoto wemotokari zvinogona kupatsanurwa kuva:
(1) Zvinhu zvine chekuita nemotokari, zvinosanganisira kutadza kwemagetsi, kudonha kwemafuta, uye kukwesha kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nekunatsiridza, kuiswa, kana kugadzirisa.
(2) Zvinhu zvekunze, zvakadai sekudhumhana, rollovers, kupisa, kana kusingatarisirwe kutsva.

Motokari itsva dzemagetsi, dzine mabhatiri emagetsi emagetsi epamusoro-soro, dzinowanzoita moto nekuda kwemaseketi mapfupi anokonzerwa nekudhumhana, kubhowekana, kupisa kunotiza kubva kune tembiricha yepamusoro, kana yakawandisa ikozvino panguva yekuchaja nekukurumidza.

01 Tsvagiridzo yeFlame Retardancy yeMotokari Zvishandiso

Kudzidza kwezvinhu zvinodzoreredza moto kwakatanga mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 muUnited States. Nekufambira mberi mune tekinoroji mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nezvinoda zvitsva zvekutsvagisa nezve kudzoreredza kwemoto wemidziyo yemukati yemotokari, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinotevera:

Chekutanga, theoretical research yeflame retardancy. Mumakore achangopfuura, vatsvakurudzi muChina vakaisa kukoshesa kukuru pakudzidza nzira dzekupisa dzemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzefiber uye mapurasitiki, pamwe nekushandiswa kwezvidziviriro zvemoto.

Chechipiri, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira moto. Parizvino, kune akawanda marudzi emhando dzemoto retardant zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa. Pasi rose, zvinhu zvakaita sePPS, kabhoni faibha, uye girazi faibha zvakashandiswa zvinobudirira mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana.

Chechitatu, tsvagiridzo pamachira anodzoreredza moto. Machira anodzoreredza moto ari nyore kugadzira uye anoshanda zvakanyanya. Nepo machira edonje anodzoreredza moto atogadzirwa zvakanaka, tsvakiridzo yemamwe machira anodzoreredza moto inoramba iri shoma muChina.

Chechina, mirairo uye nzira dzekuyedza dzezvinhu zvinodzoreredza moto.

Zvigadzirwa zvemukati zvemotokari zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu:

1. Fiber-based materials (semuenzaniso, zvigaro, makapeti, mabhandi ezvigaro) - inonyanya kushandiswa uye inotarisana zvakananga nevafambi.
2. Plastic-based materials.
3. Rubber-based materials.

Fiber-based zvinhu, zvichibvira zvakanyanya uye zviri padyo nevafambi, zvinounza njodzi huru kana moto. Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvinhu zvemotokari, zvakaita semabhatiri nemainjini, zviri padyo nemidziyo yemachira, zvichiwedzera mukana wekupararira kwemoto. Naizvozvo, kudzidza kudzoserwa kwemoto wemidziyo yemukati yemotokari kwakakosha kunonoka kupisa uye kupa imwe nguva yekupukunyuka kune vafambi.

02 Kurongeka kweFlame Retardant Fibers

Mumaindasitiri emachira ekushandisa, machira emotokari anotora chikamu chakakosha. Avhareji mota yevatyairi ine ingangoita 20-40 kg yezvinhu zvemukati, mazhinji acho ari machira, anosanganisira mavharo ezvigaro, macushion, mabhandi ezvigaro, uye zvigaro zvemusoro. Zvinhu izvi zvine hukama zvakanyanya nekuchengetedzwa kwevatyairi nevatyairi, zvichida kuti murazvo udzore zvivakwa kuti unonoke kupararira kwemurazvo uye kuwedzera nguva yekupukunyuka.

Flame retardant fibersanotsanangurwa semafibhi asingabatidze kana kupisa zvisina kukwana kana asangana nemoto, achigadzira marimi mashoma uye anozvidzima nekukasira kana chitubu chemoto chabviswa. Iyo Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) inowanzoshandiswa kuyera kupisa, ine LOI iri pamusoro pe21% inoratidza kuderera kwekupisa.

Flame retardant fibers yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri:

1. Inherently Flame Retardant Fibers
   Aya mafiber ane akavakirwa-mukati memoto retardant mapoka mumacheni avo epolymer, anosimudzira kugadzikana kwekupisa, kuwedzera kupisa kwekuora, kudzvanyirira kugadzirwa kwegasi rinobvira, uye kukurudzira kuumbwa kwechar. Mienzaniso inosanganisira:

• Aramid fibers (semuenzaniso, para-aramid, meta-aramid)
• Polyimide fibers (semuenzaniso, Kermel, P84)
• Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibers
• Polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibers
• Melamine fibers (semuenzaniso, Basofil)

Meta-aramid, polysulfonamide, polyimide, uye PPS fibers dzakatogadzirwa-zhinji muChina.

1. Modified Flame Retardant Fibers
   Aya mafiber anowana kudzoreredza kwemoto kuburikidza nekuwedzera kana kurapwa kwepamusoro, kusanganisira:

• Flame retardant polyester
• Naironi inodzoreredza moto
• Flame retardant viscose
• Flame retardant polypropylene

Nzira dzekugadzirisa dzinosanganisira copolymerization, kusanganisa, composite spinning, grafting, uye mushure-kupedza.

03 Zvishandiso zvePamusoro-Kushanda Flame Retardant Fibers muMotokari Dziviriro

Zvigadzirwa zvemotokari zvinodzoreredza moto zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa nekuda kwekunetsa kwenzvimbo. Kusiyana nemamwe maapplication, zvinhu izvi zvinofanirwa kuramba kubatidzwa kana kuratidza zvinodzorwa kupisa mitengo (semuenzaniso, ≤70 mm/min yemotokari dzinotakura vanhu).

Mukuwedzera, zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Kuderera kwehutsi hwehutsi uye kushoma kwegasi rine mucheturakuve nechokwadi chekuchengeteka kwevatyairi.
• Anti-static propertieskudzivirira moto unokonzerwa nemhute yehutsi kana kuungana kweguruva.

Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti mota yega yega inoshandisa 20-42 m² yezvigadzirwa zvemachira, zvichiratidza hukuru hwekukura mumachira emotokari. Micheka iyi yakakamurwa kuita mhando dzinoshanda uye dzekushongedza, nekusimbisa kunowedzera pakushanda-kunyanya kunonoka kwemoto-nekuda kwekunetseka kwekuchengetedza.

Machira emhando yepamusoro-mumoto anodzoreredza anoshandiswa mu:

• Zvigaro zvinovhara
• Masuo emasuo
• Tambo dzeTire
• Airbags
• Roof linings
• Soundproofing uye insulation zvinhu

Machira asina-kurukwa akagadzirwa kubva kupolyester, kabhoni faibha, polypropylene, uye girazi faibha anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mumotokari dzemukati.

Kusimudzira mirazvo yemotokari yemukati inodzoreredza mukati haingokwidziri kuchengetedzwa kwevatyairi chete asi inobatsirawo kugarikano yenharaunda.