Phosphorus-based flame retardants imhando ye-high-effective, yakavimbika, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kudzoreredza moto iyo yakawana kutariswa kwakakosha kubva kune vaongorori. Zvinoshamisa budiriro zvakaitwa mukuumbwa kwavo nekushandisa.
1. Kushandiswa kwePhosphorus-Based Flame Retardants muPP
Iyo yemuviri zvimiro zvepolypropylene (PP) inoita basa rakakosha mukushandiswa kwayo kwemaindasitiri. Nekudaro, iyo shoma oxygen index (LOI) inongotenderedza 17.5%, ichiita kuti ibatike zvakanyanya nekupisa nekukurumidza. Kukosha kwezvinhu zvePP mukushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kunopesvedzerwa nezvose zvavo murazvo wemoto uye zvimiro zvemuviri. Mumakore achangopfuura, microencapsulation uye kugadziridzwa kwepasi kwave maitiro ekutanga mumurazvo-inodzoreredza PP zvinhu.
Muenzaniso 1: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) yakagadziridzwa ne silane coupling agent (KH-550) uye silicone resin ethanol solution yakashandiswa kune PP zvinhu. Pakasvika chikamu chikuru cheAPP yakagadziridzwa chasvika 22%, iyo LOI yezvinhu yakawedzera kusvika 30.5%, nepo michina yayo yakasangana nezvinodiwa uye yakapfuura PP zvinhu zvinopfuta-kudzoserwa neAPP isina kuchinjwa.
Muenzaniso wechipiri: APP yakavharirwa mugoko rinoumbwa nemelamine (MEL), hydroxyl silicone oiri, uye formaldehyde resin kuburikidza ne-situ polymerization. Iwo ma microcapsules akabva asanganiswa ne pentaerythritol uye akaiswa kune PP zvinhu zvekudzoreredza moto. Izvo zvinhu zvakaratidza kunonoka kwemurazvo, iine LOI ye32% uye yakatwasuka yekupisa bvunzo reti yeUL94 V-0. Kunyangwe mushure mekunyudzwa kwemvura inopisa, iyo musanganiswa yakachengeta yakanaka retardancy yemurazvo uye michina zvinhu.
Muenzaniso 3: APP yakagadziridzwa nekuiputira nealuminium hydroxide (ATH), uye APP yakagadziridzwa yakabatanidzwa ne dipentaerythritol pachiyero chehuwandu hwe2.5: 1 kuti ishandiswe muPP zvinhu. Apo chikamu chechikamu chemazana chemoto wemoto chaive 25%, LOI yakasvika 31.8%, chiyero chekupisa moto chakawana V-0, uye chiyero chekupisa chepamusoro chakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
2. Kushandiswa kwePhosphorus-Based Flame Retardants muPS
Polystyrene (PS) inopfuta zvakanyanya uye inoramba ichipisa mushure mekubviswa kwemoto. Kugadzirisa nyaya dzakadai seyakanyanya kupisa kuburitswa uye kukurumidza kupararira kwemurazvo, halogen-isina phosphorus-based flame retardants inoita basa rakakosha muPS flame retardancy. Nzira dzakajairwa-dzinodzosa moto dzePS dzinosanganisira kupfekedza, kupinza, kubhurasha, uye polymerization-nhanho murazvo retardancy.
Muenzaniso 1: A phosphorus-ine flame-retardant adhesive yekuwedzera PS yakagadziriswa kuburikidza ne-sol-gel nzira uchishandisa N-β- (aminoethyl) -γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane uye phosphoric acid. Furo rePS rinodzoreredza moto rakagadzirwa pachishandiswa nzira yekuputira. Kana tembiricha yadarika 700°C, furo rePS rakabatwa nenamira rakagadzira char layer inodarika 49%.
Vatsvagiri pasi rese vakaunza phosphorus-ine-inodzoreredza moto zvimiro muvinyl kana acrylic makomisheni, ayo anobva aiswa copolymerized ne styrene kugadzira novel phosphorus-ine styrene copolymers. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti zvichienzaniswa nePS yakachena, phosphorous-ine styrene copolymers inoratidza yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya LOI uye char zvakasara, zvichiratidza kusimba kwepamusoro kwekupisa uye kunonoka kwemurazvo.
Muenzaniso wechipiri: A vinyl-terinated oligomeric phosphate hybrid macromonomer (VOPP) yakabatanidzwa pacheni huru yePS kuburikidza negraft copolymerization. Iyo graft copolymer yakaratidza kunonoka kwemurazvo kuburikidza nechakasimba-chikamu meshini. Sezvo iyo VOPP yemukati yakawedzera, iyo LOI yakasimuka, iyo yepamusoro kupisa kuburitsa mwero uye yakazara kupisa kuburitswa kwakadzikira, uye kunyungudika kunyungudika kwakanyangarika, zvichiratidza zvakakosha-zvinodzosa moto.
Pamusoro pezvo, inorganic phosphorus-based flame retardants inogona kubatanidzwa nekemikari negraphite kana nitrogen-based flame retardants yekushandisa muPS flame retardancy. Nzira dzekuputira kana dzekubhurasha dzinogona kushandiswawo kuisa phosphorus-based flame retardants kuPS, ichivandudza zvakanyanya LOI yezvinyorwa uye char yasara.
3. Kushandiswa kwePhosphorus-Based Flame Retardants muPA
Polyamide (PA) inopfuta zvakanyanya uye inoburitsa hutsi hwakakura panguva yekupisa. Sezvo PA ichishandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvemagetsi nemidziyo, njodzi yenjodzi dzemoto yakanyanya kuoma. Nekuda kwechimiro cheamide mucheni yayo huru, PA inogona kudzoserwa murazvo uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana, iine zvese zvinowedzera uye zvinogadzirisa moto zvinodzoreredza zvichiratidza kushanda zvakanyanya. Pakati pemaPA anodzoreredza moto, alkyl phosphinate munyu ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.
Muenzaniso 1: Aluminium isobutylphosphinate (A-MBPa) yakawedzerwa kune PA6 matrix kuti igadzirire zvinhu zvakasanganiswa. Munguva yekuyedza kudzoreredza moto, A-MBPa yakaora pamberi pePA6, ichigadzira dense uye yakagadzikana char layer yaidzivirira iyo PA6. Izvo zvinhu zvakawana LOI ye26.4% uye murazvo wekudzora chiyero cheV-0.
Muenzaniso 2: Munguva yepolymerization yehexamethylenediamine uye adipic acid, 3 wt% yeflame retardant bis (2-carboxyethyl) methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) yakawedzerwa kuti ibudise murazvo-retardant PA66. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti inodzoreredza moto PA66 yakaratidza kudzoreredza kwemurazvo wepamusoro uchienzaniswa neyakajairwa PA66, ine LOI yakakwira zvakanyanya. Ongororo yechar layer yakaratidza kuti dense char pamusoro pemoto-inodzoreredza PA66 yaive nemapores ehukuru hwakasiyana, izvo zvakabatsira kupatsanura kupisa uye kufambisa gasi, zvichiratidza kuita kusingadzoreki kwemoto.
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Nguva yekutumira: Aug-15-2025
