Nhau - Ongororo uye Optimization yeFlame-Retardant Formulation yePVC Coatings

Kuongororwa uye Kugadziriswa kweFlame-Retardant Formulation yePVC Coatings

Mutengi anogadzira matende ePVC uye anoda kuisa jira rinodzoreredza moto. Formula yazvino ine zvikamu makumi matanhatu PVC resin, makumi mana zvikamu TOTM, 30 zvikamu aluminum hypophosphite (ine 40% phosphorus content), 10 zvikamu MCA, 8 zvikamu zinc borate, pamwe dispersants. Zvakadaro, kuita kwemoto-kudzoreredza kwakashata, uye kupararira kwezvinodzikisira murazvo zvakare hakuna kukwana. Pazasi pane kuongororwa kwezvikonzero uye kugadziriswa kwakarongwa kune fomula.

I. Zvikonzero Zvikuru Zvekushata Kwemoto Kunonoka

1. Imbalanced Flame Retardant System ine Weak Synergistic Effects

Yakawandisa aruminiyamu hypophosphite (30 zvikamu):
Kunyange zvazvo aluminium hypophosphite inoshanda phosphorus-based flame retardant (40% phosphorus content), kuwedzera zvakanyanya (> 25 zvikamu) zvinogona kutungamirira ku:
Kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwesystem viscosity, zvichiita kuti kupararira kuome uye kugadzira hotspots dzakabatana dzinomhanyisa kupisa ("wick athari").
Yakadzikira kuoma kwezvinhu uye kukanganisa firimu-kuumba zvivakwa nekuda kwekuwandisa inorganic filler.
Yakakwira MCA yemukati (10 zvikamu):
MCA (nitrogen-based) inowanzoshandiswa se synergist. Kana iyo dosi inodarika zvikamu zvishanu, inowanzoenda kumusoro, ichizadza murazvo-unodzora kushanda zvakanaka uye zvichigona kukanganisa zvimwe zvinodzosa moto.
Kushaikwa kwemakiyi synergists:
Kunyange zvazvo zinc borate ine utsi-inoderedza migumisiro, kusavapo kwe antimony-based (eg, antimony trioxide) kana metal oxide (eg, aluminium hydroxide) mishonga inodzivirira kuumbwa kwe "phosphorus-nitrogen-antimony" synergistic system, zvichiita kuti gasi-phase rive retardancy isina kukwana.

2. Kusawirirana Pakati PePlasticizer Selection uye Flame Retardancy Goals

TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate) ine murazvo wakareta zvishoma:
TOTM inokunda mukupisa kupisa asi hainyanyi kushanda mukudzoreredza moto kana zvichienzaniswa nemaphosphate esters (semuenzaniso, TOTP). Kune yakakwirira-yekudzoreredza kunyorera sematende ematendi, TOTM haigone kupa yakakwana charring uye oxygen-barriers kugona.
Zvisina kukwana zvakakwana plasticizer (zvikamu makumi mana chete):
PVC resin inowanzoda 60-75 zvikamu zveplasticizer kune yakazara plasticization. Yakaderera plasticizer yemukati inotungamira kune yakakwira kunyungudika viscosity, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera moto unodzora nyaya dzekupararira.

3. Isingabatsiri Dispersion System Inotungamira kuUneven Flame Retardant Distribution

Iyo inoparadzira yazvino inogona kunge iri yemhando-yechinangwa mhando (semuenzaniso, stearic acid kana PE wax), iyo isingashande kune yakakwira-mutoro inorganic flame retardants (aluminium hypophosphite + zinc borate inokwana zvikamu makumi mana nemasere), zvichikonzera:
Agglomeration ye flame retardant particles, kugadzira nzvimbo dzisina kusimba munzvimbo dzekuputira.
Kuyerera kwakashata kunyungudika panguva yekugadziriswa, kuburitsa kupisa kweshear kunokonzeresa kuora nguva isati yakwana.

4. Kusawirirana Kwakashata Pakati Pemoto Retardants uye PVC

Inorganic zvinhu zvakaita sealuminium hypophosphite uye zinc borate zvine mutsauko wakakura wePVC. Pasina kushandurwa kwepamusoro (semuenzaniso, silane coupling agents), kupatsanurwa kwechikamu kunoitika, kuderedza kushanda kwemoto-kudzoreredza.

II. Core Dhizaini Nzira

1. Tsiva Primary Plasticizer neTOTP

Shandisa yakanakisa mukati memoto retardancy (phosphorus yemukati ≈9%) uye plasticizing maitiro.

2. Optimize Flame Retardant Ratios uye Synergy

Chengetedza aluminium hypophosphite seyo musimboti phosphorus sosi asi zvakanyanya kuderedza dosi yekuvandudza kupararira uye kuderedza "wick maitiro."
Chengetedza zinc borate sekiyi synergist (kukurudzira charring uye kudzvinyirira utsi).
Chengetedza MCA se nitrogen synergist asi kuderedza dosi yayo kudzivirira kutama.
IntroduceUltrafine aluminium hydroxide (ATH)sechikamu chemabasa akawanda:
Flame retadancy:Endothermic decomposition (kupererwa nemvura), kutonhora, uye dilution yemagasi anopfuta.
Kusvuta fodya:Zvinonyanya kuderedza chizvarwa cheutsi.
Filler:Inoderedza mari (ichienzaniswa nemamwe anodzosa moto).
Yakavandudzwa kupararira uye kuyerera (ultrafine giredhi):Zviri nyore kupararira pane zvakajairika ATH, kuderedza viscosity kuwedzera.

3. Mhinduro Dzakasimba dzeKuparadzira Nyaya

Kuwedzera zvakanyanya plasticizer zvemukati:Ita shuwa kuti yakazara PVC plasticization uye kuderedza sisitimu viscosity.
Shandisa yakakwirira-inoshanda super-dispersants:Yakagadzirirwa zvakanyanya-mutoro, zviri nyore agglomerated inorganic powders (aluminium hypophosphite, ATH).
Gadzirisa kugadzirisa (pre-kusanganisa kwakakosha):Iva nechokwadi chekunyorova uye kupararira kwezvinodzosa moto.

4. Iva nechokwadi cheBasic Processing Stability

Wedzera zvakakwana zvinogadzirisa kupisa uye mafuta akakodzera.

III. Yakagadziridzwa Flame-Retardant PVC Formula

Chikamu	Type/Basa	Yakakurudzirwa Zvikamu	Notes/Optimization Points
PVC resin	Base resin	100	-
TOTP	Yekutanga murazvo-inodzoreredza plasticizer (P sosi)	65–75	Kuchinja kukuru!Inopa yakanakisa yemukati murazvo retardancy uye yakakosha plasticization. High dosage inovimbisa kuderedzwa kwe viscosity.
Aluminium hypophosphite	Primary phosphorus flame retardant (acid source)	15–20	Dosage yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya!Inochengetedza yakakosha phosphorus basa ichirerutsa viscosity uye nyaya dzekupararira.
Ultrafine ATH	Flame-retardant filler/smoke suppressant/endothermic agent	25–35	Key kuwedzera!Sarudza ultrafine (D50=1–2µm), yakagadziriswa pamusoro (semuenzaniso, silane) mamakisi. Inopa kutonhora, kudzvinyirira utsi, uye kuzadza. Inoda kupararira kwakasimba.
Zinc borate	Synergist/smoke suppressant/char kusimudzira	8–12	Retained. Inoshanda neP uye Al kuwedzera charring uye kudzvinyirira utsi.
MCA	Nitrogen synergist (gasi sosi)	4–6	Dosage yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya!Inoshandiswa chete seyebetsero nitrogen sosi kudzivirira kutama.
High-efficiency super-dispersant	Critical additive	3.0–4.0	Inokurudzirwa: polyester, polyurethane, kana yakagadziridzwa polyacrylate marudzi (semuenzaniso, BYK-163, TEGO Dispers 655, Efka 4010, kana yepamba SP-1082). Dosage inofanira kukwana!
Heat stabilizer	Inodzivirira kuderedzwa panguva yekugadzirisa	3.0–5.0	Kurudzira kushanda kwakanyanya kweCa/Zn composite stabilizers (eco-friendly). Rongedza dosage zvichienderana nebasa uye kupisa tembiricha.
Lubricant (mukati/kunze)	Inovandudza kuyerera kwekugadzirisa, inodzivirira kunamatira	1.0–2.0	Zvinokurudzirwa kusanganiswa: -Zvemukati:Stearic acid (0.3-0.5 zvikamu) kana stearyl doro (0.3-0.5 zvikamu) -Zvekunze:Oxidized polyethylene wax (OPE, 0.5-1.0 zvikamu) kana parafini wakisi (0.5-1.0 zvikamu)
Zvimwe zvinowedzera (semuenzaniso, antioxidants, UV stabilizers)	Sezvinodiwa	-	Nekushandisa kunze kwetende, kurudzira zvakasimba UV stabilizers (semuenzaniso, benzotriazole, 1-2 zvikamu) uye antioxidants (semuenzaniso, 1010, 0.3-0.5 zvikamu).

IV. Formula Notes uye Key Points

1. TOTP ndiyo Core Foundation

65–75 zvikamuinovimbisa:
Kuzara kwepurasitiki: PVC inoda plasticizer yakakwana kune yakapfava, inoenderera mberi yekugadzira firimu.
Kuderedza Viscosity: Yakakosha pakuvandudza kupararira kwepamusoro-mutoro inorganic flame retardants.
Intrinsic flame retardancy: TOTP pachayo inonyatso inoshanda-inodzora murazvo weplasticizer.

2. Flame Retardant Synergy

PNB-Al synergy:Aluminium hypophosphite (P) + MCA (N) inopa base PN synergy. Zinc borate (B, Zn) inowedzera kupisa uye kuderedza utsi. Ultrafine ATH (Al) inopa yakakura endothermic kutonhora uye kudzvinyirira utsi. TOTP inopawo phosphorus. Izvi zvinogadzira multi-element synergistic system.
Basa reATH:25-35 zvikamu zve Ultrafine ATH inobatsira zvikuru mukunonoka kwemurazvo uye kudzvinyirira utsi. Kuora kwayo kwekupedzisira kunotora kupisa, nepo mvura inoburitswa inoderedza okisijeni nemagasi anobvira.Ultrafine uye pamusoro-yakarapwa ATH yakakoshakuderedza viscosity kukanganisa uye kugadzirisa PVC kuenderana.
Yakaderedzwa aluminium hypophosphite:Yakaderedzwa kubva pamakumi matatu kusvika ku15-20 zvikamu kurerutsira sisitimu mutoro uchichengeta phosphorus mupiro.
Yakaderedzwa MCA:Yakaderedzwa kubva ku10 kusvika ku4-6 zvikamu kudzivirira kutama.

3. Dispersion Solution - Yakakosha pakubudirira

Super-dispersant (3-4 zvikamu):Yakakosha pakubata iyo yakakwira-mutoro (50-70 zvikamu zvakazara inorganic fillers!), yakaoma-kuparadzira system (aluminium hypophosphite + ultrafine ATH + zinc borate).Madisperants akajairika (semuenzaniso, calcium stearate, PE wax) haana kukwana!Chengetedza mari mune yakakwirira-inoshanda super-dispersants uye shandisa yakaringana mari.
Plasticizer zvirimo (65-75 zvikamu):Sezviri pamusoro, inoderedza viscosity yese, ichigadzira nharaunda iri nani yekupararira.
Mafuta ekuzora (1–2 zvikamu):Kusanganiswa kwemafuta emukati / ekunze kunovimbisa kuyerera kwakanaka panguva yekusanganiswa uye kupfeka, kudzivirira kunamatira.

4. Kugadzirisa - Strict Pre-Mixing Protocol

Danho 1 (Dry-mix inorganic powders):
Wedzera aluminium hypophosphite, ultrafine ATH, zinc borate, MCA, uye ese super-dispersant kune yakakwirira-kumhanya musanganiswa.
Sakanidza pa 80-90 ° C kwemaminitsi 8-10. Chinangwa: Ita shuwa kuti super-dispersant inopfeka zvizere chikamu chimwe nechimwe, kutyora agglomerates.Nguva uye tembiricha zvakakosha!
Nhanho 2 (Slurry kugadzirwa):
Wedzera mazhinji eTOTP (semuenzaniso, 70–80%), ese anodzikamisa kupisa, uye mafuta emukati kumusanganiswa kubva Danho 1.
Sanganisa pa90-100 ° C kwemaminetsi mashanu-7 kuti uite yunifomu, inoyerera murazvo-inodzoreredza slurry. Ita shuwa kuti hupfu hwakanyoroveswa zvizere nemaplasticizers.
Nhanho 3 (Wedzera PVC uye zvakasara zvikamu):
Wedzera PVC resin, yasara TOTP, mafuta ekunze (uye antioxidants / UV stabilizers, kana yawedzerwa panguva ino).
Sakanidza pa 100-110 ° C kwema 7-10 maminitsi kusvikira wasvika pa "dry point" (yakasununguka-inoyerera, isina clumps).Dzivisa kuwandisa kudzivirira kuparara kwePVC.
Kutonhodza:Bvisa uye utonhodze musanganiswa kusvika <50°C kudzivirira kugwamba.

5. Kutevera Processing

Shandisa iyo yakatonhora yakaoma musanganiswa wecalendering kana kupfeka.
Kudzora tembiricha yekugadzira zvakasimba (inokurudzirwa kunyunguduka tembiricha ≤170-175 ° C) kudzivirira kudzikamisa kutadza kana kupera nguva isati yakwana yezvinodzosa moto (semuenzaniso, ATH).

V. Zvinotarisirwa Mibairo uye Kungwarira

Flame retadancy:Kuenzaniswa neyekutanga formula (TOTM + yakakwira aluminium hypophosphite / MCA), iyi fomula yakadzokororwa (TOTP + optimized P / N / B / Al ratios) inofanirwa kuvandudza zvakanyanya kudzoreredza kwemurazvo, kunyanya mukupisa kwekuita uye kudzvinyirira utsi. Zvinangwa zviyero seCPAI-84 yematende. Miedzo yakakosha: ASTM D6413 (kupisa kwakatwasuka).
Kupararira:Super-dispersant + high plasticizer + optimized pre-mixing inofanira kuvandudza kupararira, kuderedza agglomeration uye kugadzirisa coating kufanana.
Processability:Yakakwana TOTP uye mafuta ekuzora anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirisa, asi tarisa viscosity uye kunamatira panguva chaiyo yekugadzira.
Mutengo:TOTP uye super-dispersants inodhura, asi yakaderedzwa aluminium hypophosphite uye MCA inobvisa mamwe mari. ATH ine mutengo wakaderera.

Zviyeuchidzo zvakakosha:

Miyedzo midiki kutanga!Edza mulabhu uye gadzirisa zvichibva pane chaiwo zvinhu (kunyanya ATH uye super-dispersant performance) uye zvishandiso.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu:
ATH:Inofanirwa kushandisa ultrafine (D50 ≤2µm), yakagadziriswa pamusoro (semuenzaniso, silane) mamakisi. Bvunza vatengesi vePVC-inoenderana nekurudziro.
Super-dispersants:Inofanirwa kushandisa mhando dzemhando yepamusoro. Zivisa vatengesi nezve application (PVC, yakakwira-mutoro inorganic mafirita, halogen-isina murazvo retardancy).
TOTP:Ita shuwa yemhando yepamusoro.
Kuedza:Ita bvunzo dzakaomesesa dzekudzoreredza moto pazviyero zvakatarwa. Ongororawo kuchembera/kuramba mvura (yakakosha kumatende ekunze!). UV stabilizers uye antioxidants zvakakosha.